Consonants Introduction व्यंजन का परिचय

Consonants are sounds that need a vowel to be pronounced. In Hindi, they are called Vyanjan (व्यंजन).

🔤 There are 33 Consonants in Hindi. They are organized into 5 groups called Vargas (वर्ग).

💡 The groups are based on where the sound comes from in your mouth — throat, palate, roof, teeth, or lips.

🎧 Click on any letter in the next slides to hear its sound!

Group 1: Ka Varga क वर्ग (Throat sounds)

These sounds come from the throat:

🔊
क
ka
as in "kite"
🔊
ख
kha
aspirated k
🔊
ग
ga
as in "go"
🔊
घ
gha
aspirated g
🔊
ङ
nga
as in "sing"

Group 2: Cha Varga च वर्ग (Palate sounds)

These sounds come from the palate (roof of the mouth):

🔊
च
cha
as in "chair"
🔊
छ
chha
aspirated ch
🔊
ज
ja
as in "jam"
🔊
झ
jha
aspirated j
🔊
ञ
nya
as in "canyon"

Group 3: Ta Varga (Retroflex) ट वर्ग (Tongue curls back)

Curl your tongue back and touch the roof of your mouth:

🔊
ट
ta
hard t
🔊
ठ
tha
aspirated t
🔊
ड
da
hard d
🔊
ढ
dha
aspirated d
🔊
ण
na
nasal n
💡 This is different from English 't' and 'd'. The tongue touches the roof, not the teeth.

Group 4: Ta Varga (Dental) त वर्ग (Tongue touches teeth)

Tongue touches the back of your upper teeth:

🔊
त
ta
soft t (teeth)
🔊
थ
tha
aspirated soft t
🔊
द
da
soft d
🔊
ध
dha
aspirated soft d
🔊
न
na
as in "no"
💡 This is similar to Spanish or French 't' and 'd'. Tongue is soft and touches the teeth.

Group 5: Pa Varga प वर्ग (Lip sounds)

These sounds come from the lips:

🔊
प
pa
as in "pen"
🔊
फ
pha
as in "phone"
🔊
ब
ba
as in "ball"
🔊
भ
bha
aspirated b
🔊
म
ma
as in "moon"

Semivowels & Sibilants अंतस्थ और ऊष्म

These are the remaining consonants:

🔊
य
ya
as in "yes"
🔊
र
ra
rolled r
🔊
ल
la
as in "love"
🔊
व
va
as in "van"
🔊
श
sha
as in "shy"
🔊
ष
sha
harder sh
🔊
स
sa
as in "sun"
🔊
ह
ha
as in "hat"

The "Aspiration" Secret महाप्राण vs अल्पप्राण

💨 Hindi has aspirated (with air) and non-aspirated (without air) consonants.

क
ka
no air
ख
kha
with air 💨
🎯 Hold your palm in front of your mouth. If you feel a puff of air, it's aspirated!

Exercise 2: Consonants अभ्यास २: व्यंजन

Q1. Which consonant sounds like "ka" in "kite"?

क  |  ख  |  ग
क (ka)

Q2. Which consonant sounds like "cha" in "chair"?

च  |  ज  |  ट
च (cha)

Q3. Which group does 'प' (pa) belong to?

क वर्ग  |  प वर्ग  |  च वर्ग
प वर्ग (Lip sounds)

Module 2 Complete!

व्यंजन पूरा हुआ

You have learned all 33 Consonants in Hindi. 🎉

Next: Matra & Conjuncts (मात्रा और संयुक्त) ➔

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